Free arabisraeli conflict and british influence essay the 1915 husseinmcmahon correspondence was established between the british and arabs. The mcmahonhussein agreement was to greatly complicate middle east history and seemed to directly clash with. Many sources report that this agreement conflicted with the husseinmcmahon correspondence of 19151916. Moreover, we the sherifs family will consider ourselves free in work and deed. His principal conclusion is that the sykespicot agreement did not violate the commitments contained in the mcmahonhussein correspondence. The mcmahonhussein correspondence, or the husseinmcmahon correspondence, was a protracted exchange of letters july 14, 1915 to january 30, 1916 1 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the future political status of the lands under the ottoman empire. As sharif, hussein was responsible for the custody of islams shrines in the hejaz and, consequently, was recognized as one of the muslims spiritual leaders.
The mcmahonhussein correspondence concessions to france that did not extend to the four towns that alfaruqi had named. Mcmahon was british high commissioner in egypt and ali ibn husain was the. The mcmahonhussein correspondence was a series of letters exchanged during world war i in which the british government agreed to recognize arab independence after the war in exchange for the sharif of mecca launching the arab revolt against the ottoman empire. In a series of ten letters from 1915 to 1916 mcmahon tried to attract arab support against the ottoman empire. The mcmahonhussein correspondence, or the husseinmcmahon correspondence, was a protracted exchange of letters 14 july 1915 to 30 january 1916 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the future. The agreement born of these discussions is the sykes pico. Conflicting british government interpretations of the hussein mcmahon correspondence of 1915, showing interpretations from 1918 and 1922. Nov 09, 2015 the origins of the mcmahonhussein correspondence and the subsequent official interpretations, and the controversies surrounding those interpretations are essential to the understanding of a great deal of middleeastern diplomatic history during and after the first world war, as well as of the palestinian dispute in the 1920s and 1930s.
The mcmahonhusayn correspondence has been at the heart of angloarab relations since world war i. The entire correspondence was published in english first by george antonius, the arab awakening london, 1938, and next in a british white paper, cmd. In the interest of anglofrench relations, though, a more precise agreement on the postwar partition of arab lands was needed. The mcmahon hussein correspondence 14 july 1915 10 march 1916 mcmahon was british high commissioner in egypt and ali ibn husain was the sherif of mecca during the first world war. October 2011, canadians for justice and peace in the middle east what is the mcmahonhussein correspondence. A letter from british high commissioner sir henry mcmahon. His majestys government are committed by sir henry mcmahons letter to the sherif on october 24, 1915, to its inclusion in the boundaries of arab independence. So contentious is this dispute that even the scholarly community is hugely affected by the major events of the past one hundred ye. Jul 07, 2015 the mcmahon letters to hussein were probably mostly produced through oriental secretary ronald storrs and the british foreign office, though mcmahon signed them. Slowly the empire began to lose its lands in north africa and the balkans to european powers and nationalist movements. May 26, 2015 the mcmahonhussein agreement of october 1915 was accepted by palestinians as a promise by the british that after world war one, land previously held by the turks would be returned to the arab nationals who lived in that land.
The area promised to the arabs in mcmahons letter of oct 1915 excluded. During the 1800s, the ottoman empire, the ruling government of much of the islamic world since the 15c, grew weaker in relation to europe. The mcmahonhusain correspondence handed in by the united. Toward the end of world war i, when the imminent fall of the ottoman empire was clear to the belligerents, the governments of britain and france started discussing the division of spoils. It aroused great controversy, particularly over palestine. Mcmahonhussein correspondence military wiki fandom. Mcmahon hussein correspondence july 14, 1915 march 10, 1916.
As for the region lying within those frontiers wherein great britain is free to act without detriment to. The mcmahon hussein correspondence is a series of letters that were exchanged during world war i in which the united kingdom government agreed to recognize arab independence after the war in exchange for the sharif of mecca launching the arab revolt against the ottoman empire. The mcmahonhussein correspondence, or the husseinmcmahon correspondence, was an exchange of letters 14 july 1915 to 30 january 1916 1 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the political status of lands under the ottoman empire. The husseinmcmahon correspondence july 1915august 1916.
The exchange of letters became known as the husseinmcmahon correspondence. It has also been reported that the publication of the sykespicot agreement caused the resignation of sir henry mcmahon. Sir henry mcmahon 18621949, british high commissioner in cairo, negotiated in 191516 with husayn ibn ali, the sherif of mecca. Husayn mcmahon correspondence 24 october 1915 mcmahon his majestys high commissioner in egyptand the sharif of mecca in 1915 and 1916, march 16, 1939, cmd 5974. If you have access to a journal via a society or association membership, please browse to your society journal, select an article to view, and follow the instructions in this box. Mcmahon, in his letter to hussein of 24 october 1915, named the wilayahs of damascus, homs, hama, and aleppo as being the ottoman territories in, and to the east of which, but not to the. Lieutenant colonel sir arthur henry mcmahon gcmg gcvo kcie csi kstj, was a british indian army officer and diplomat who served as the high commissioner in egypt from 1915 to 1917. Hussein mcmahon correspondence aftermath independent kingdom of syria march 1920august 1920 league of nations mandates lawrences post war advocacy the damascus protocol may 1915 the document which faisal bin hussein son of hussein bin ali is presented with independence from. In general terms, the correspondence effectively traded british support of an independent arab state in exchange for arab assistance in opposing the ottoman empire. Mideastweb, mcmahonhussein correspondence, 19151916. Balfour declaration, statement on november 2, 1917, of british support for the establishment in palestine of a national home for jewish people.
In these letters, which became known as the hussein mcmahon correspondence, mcmahon agreed to support hussein s request for. The mcmahonhussein correspondence, or the husseinmcmahon correspondence, was an exchange of letters 14 july 1915 to 30 january 1916 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the political status of lands under the ottoman empire. Sykespicot agreement and the balfour declaration the 20th century world history khan academy duration. Husayn mcmahon correspondence 24 october 1915 mcmahon his majestys high commissioner in egypt. The british government was bound to seek french agreement on promises made to sharif hussein. The mcmahonhussein correspondence is a series of letters that were exchanged during world war i in which the united kingdom government agreed to recognize arab independence after the war in exchange for the sharif of mecca launching the arab revolt against the ottoman empire. The origins of the mcmahonhussein correspondence and the subsequent official interpretations, and the controversies surrounding those interpretations are essential to the understanding of a great deal of middleeastern diplomatic history during and after the first world war, as well as of the palestinian dispute in the 1920s and 1930s. The mcmahon agreement refers to the husseinmcmahon correspondence, i. The british argued the omission had been intentional, thereby justifying their refusal to grant the arabs independence in palestine after the war. As for those regions lying within those frontiers wherein great britain is free to act without detriment. The mcmahon hussein correspondence concessions to france that did not extend to the four towns that alfaruqi had named. Ali, emir of mecca, and sir henry mcmahon, the british high commissioner in egypt. Mcmahon agreement facts, summary, demands, overview. Letters between hussein ibn ali and sir henry mcmahon world.
The major causes of the arabisraeli conflict were foreign interference, nationalism and the collapse of the ottoman empire. The husseinmcmahon correspondence jewish virtual library. When, in midaugust, hussein s note of 14 july i915 arrived in cairo, to open the longdrawnout correspondence, it was received. These territories included the arabian peninsula, syria including. The mcmahonhussein correspondence and the question of palestine. The arabs were promised independence and protection of their the religious sites, in turn for assisting the british overthrow the ottomans out of the middle east. Correspondence between sir henry mcmahon and the sherif hussein of mecca cmd 5957. The mcmahonhusayn correspondence 1915 exchange of correspondence between sharif husayn of mecca and sir henry mcmahon, his majestys high commissioner at cairo, 1915. Sep 10, 2017 moreover, we the sherifs family will consider ourselves free in word and deed from the bonds of our previous declaration which we made through ali effendi the sherifs messenger and aide. The mcmahonhussein agreement of october 1915 was accepted by palestinians as a promise by the british that after world war one, land previously held by the turks would be returned to the arab nationals who lived in that land.
Did the mcmahonhussein specifically promise to grant the. Translation of a letter from mcmahon to husayn, august 30, 1915. With great cheerfulness and delight i received your letter dated the 19th shawal, 33 the 30th august, 1915, and have given it great consideration and regard, in spite of the impression i received from it of ambiguity and its tone of coldness and hesitation with regard to. Husaynmcmahon correspondence 24 october 1915 mcmahon his majestys high commissioner in egyptand the sharif of mecca in 1915 and 1916, march 16, 1939, cmd 5974. Husaynmcmahon correspondence international encyclopedia of. The mcmahonhussein correspondence and the question of. Translation of a letter from sharif husayn of mecca to sir henry mcmahon, his majestys high commissioner at cairo, july 14, 1915. Cmd 5974 report of a committee set up to consider certain correspondence between sir henry mcmahon and the sharif of mecca in 1915 and 1916. Conflicting british government interpretations of the. Land that cannot be said to be purely arab was excluded from the agreement as far as the british were concerned. As for the region lying within those frontiers wherein great britain is free to act without.
A letter from british high commissioner sir henry mcmahon to sharif hussein of mecca from sir henry mcmahon, 24 october 1915 i have received your letter of the 29th shawal, 33, with much pleasure and your expressions of friendliness and sincerity have given me the greatest satisfaction. The husseinmcmahon correspondence was an exchange of letters between hussein ibn ali, the sharif of mecca, and sir henry mcmahon, the high commissioner in cairo during the first world war. One land claimed by two peoples israelpalestine remains the unanswered. Husseinmcmahon correspondence aftermath independent kingdom of syria march 1920august 1920 league of nations mandates lawrences post war advocacy the damascus protocol may 1915 the document which faisal bin hussein son of hussein bin ali is presented with independence from. The hussein mcmahon correspondence was an exchange of letters from 14th of july 1915 to 30th january 1916, during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, hussein bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the political status of lands under the ottoman empire. The central figure in the arab nationalist movement at the time of world war i was hussein ibn ali, who was appointed by the turkish committee of union and progress to the position of sharif of mecca in 1908.
The correspondence explored the terms of an angloarab alliance and britains material support for a hashemiteled arab. Translation of a letter from sharif husayn of mecca to sir henry mcmahon, his. The mcmahon promise to hussein the balfour project. The hussein mcmahon correspondence conspicuously fails to mention palestine. As for the region lying within those frontiers wherein great britain is free. The mcmahonhussein correspondence, or the husseinmcmahon correspondence, was a protracted exchange of letters 14 july 1915 to 30 january 1916 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the future political status of the lands under the ottoman empire. It was made in a letter from the british foreign secretary to a leader of the anglojewish community and was later included in the british mandate over palestine. The mcmahonhussein correspondence 14 july 1915 10 march 1916. The husaynmcmahon correspondence mapped out with studied. This correspondence reflects the promises of the britains to the arabs. Media in category mcmahonhussein correspondence the following 6 files are in this category, out of 6 total.
The mcmahon hussein correspondence, or the hussein mcmahon correspondence, was a protracted exchange of letters 14 july 1915 to 30 january 1916 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the future political status of the lands under the ottoman empire. The correspondence had a significant impact on middle eastern history during and after the war, and a dispute over. Sign in here to access free tools such as favourites and alerts, or to access personal subscriptions. Here, it is examined in historical context to determine why it was so obscure and what lay in the minds of those who drafted it. The whole correspondence can be found a number of places online, such as here. Sep 10, 2017 information about this edition edition. A letter from british high commissioner sir henry mcmahon to sharif hussein of mecca from sir henry mcmahon, 24 october 1915 i have received your letter of the 29th shawal, 33, with much pleasure and your expressions of friendliness and sincerity have.
The husayn mcmahon correspondence refers to the ten letters exchanged between husayn ibn ali, king of hejaz c. Wwi document archive 1915 documents letters between hussein ibn ali and sir henry mcmahon the mcmahon letter from the israelarab reader, 3rd ed. As for those regions lying within those frontiers wherein great britain is free to act. Complete document in pdf format requires acrobat reader. Mcmahonhusain correspondence report of arabuk committee. The following excerpt is from a letter from october.
Mideastweb, mcmahon hussein correspondence, 19151916. The correspondence promised british support for an arab independence if the arabs revolted. Letters between hussein ibn ali and sir henry mcmahon. Mcmahonhussein correspondence july 14, 1915 march 10, 1916. The first letter, proposing an alliance, in full except for the florid arab greetings. Beginning in the summer of 1915, sir henry mcmahon 18621949, british high commissioner in cairo, exchanged letters with hussein ibn ali 1853541931, the sherif of mecca. The mcmahonhussein correspondence is a series of letters that were exchanged during. Feb 07, 2017 sykespicot agreement and the balfour declaration the 20th century world history khan academy duration. The rights of minorities will be issued on condition that the rights of the muslim minorities in neighboring countries are protected. The actions of these nations were detrimental to the relations between arabs and israelis and contributed to the arabisraeli conflict. Causes of the arabisraeli conflict essay example for free newyorkessays database with more than 65000 college essays for studying. Mcmahonhussein correspondence wikisource, the free online. Husseinmcmahon correspondence by alex keresztes on prezi. Hussein, and very many arab people, considered palestine to be purely arab.
Husaynmcmahon correspondence international encyclopedia. Pdf mcmahon hussein correspondence, 19151916 sir henry mcmahon to sharif hussein, 24 october 1915 the entire correspondence was published in english first by george antonius, the arab awakening london, 1938, and next in a british white paper, cmd. Archived on 10 january 2015 correspondence was published in english first by george antonius, the arab awakening london, 1938, and next in a british white paper, cmd. The mcmahon agreement altahrir, news of islam, muslims. The mcmahon letters to hussein were probably mostly produced through oriental secretary ronald storrs and the british foreign office, though mcmahon signed them. When, in midaugust, husseins note of 14 july i915 arrived in cairo, to open the longdrawnout correspondence, it was received. With the entry of the ottoman empire on germanys side in nov. Wwi document archive 1915 documents letters between hussein ibn ali and sir henry mcmahon. In july 1915, hussein sent a letter to sir henry mcmahon, the high commissioner for egypt, informing him of the terms for arab participation in the war against.
To his excellency the most exalted, the most eminentthe british high commissioner in egypt. The mcmahonhussein agreement was to greatly complicate middle east history and seemed to directly clash with the balfour. The mcmahonhussein correspondence 14 july 1915 10 march. Aug 06, 2016 lieutenant colonel sir arthur henry mcmahon gcmg gcvo kcie csi kstj, was a british indian army officer and diplomat who served as the high commissioner in egypt from 1915 to 1917. Historiography of the hussein mcmahon correspondence the. Mcmahonhussein correspondence wikisource, the free. Moreover, we the sherifs family will consider ourselves free in work and. As for those regions lying within those frontiers wherein great britain is free to act without detriment to the interests of her ally, france. The controversy over this question is half a century old. Jan 26, 2015 his majestys government are committed by sir henry mcmahons letter to the sherif on october 24, 1915, to its inclusion in the boundaries of arab independence. The controversy isaiah friedman is talking about the hussein mcmahon correspondence, and the righ. Mcmahon husayn correspondence 1915 1916 a t the awakening of arab nationalism and the start of the first world war 19141918, the european governments attempted to gain the sympathies of the arabs with promises of independence from the ottoman empire and other foreign powers. The mcmahon agreement refers to the hussein mcmahon correspondence, i. Macmahons correspondence with sharif husayn 1915 in a letter dated the 24th of october, 1915, sir henry mcmahon, then his majestys high commissioner in egypt, promises the sharif of mecca, husayn ibn ali, to recognise and support the independence of the arabs within the territories proposed by him.
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